import dataclasses
import re
import typing


def parse(s):
    """
    >>> parse('''# Header 1
    ... 
    ... ## Header 2
    ... 
    ... ### Header 3
    ... 
    ... * List 1
    ... * List 2
    ... 
    ... > First line quote.
    ... > Second line of quote.
    ... 
    ... ```
    ... Fenced
    ... Lines
    ... ```
    ... 
    ... Paragraph.
    ... 
    ... Another paragraph.
    ... ''')
    [Header(level=1, text='Header 1'),
     Line(text=''),
     Header(level=2, text='Header 2'),
     Line(text=''),
     Header(level=3, text='Header 3'),
     Line(text=''),
     List(items=[ListItem(text='List 1'),
                 ListItem(text='List 2')]),
     Line(text=''),
     BlockQuote(lines=[BlockQuoteLine(text='First line quote.'),
                       BlockQuoteLine(text='Second line of quote.')]),
     Line(text=''),
     Pre(content='Fenced\\nLines\\n'),
     Line(text=''),
     Line(text='Paragraph.'),
     Line(text=''),
     Line(text='Another paragraph.')]
    """

    lines = s.splitlines()

    i = 0
    gem = []

    while i < len(lines):
        line = parse_line(lines[i])

        if isinstance(line, Link):
            gem.append(line)
            i = i + 1
            continue

        if isinstance(line, Header):
            gem.append(line)
            i = i + 1
            continue

        if isinstance(line, ListItem):
            items = []
            while i < len(lines) and isinstance(parse_line(lines[i]), ListItem):
                items.append(parse_line(lines[i]))
                i = i + 1
            gem.append(List(items))
            continue

        if isinstance(line, BlockQuoteLine):
            quotes = []
            while i < len(lines) and isinstance(parse_line(lines[i]), BlockQuoteLine):
                quotes.append(parse_line(lines[i]))
                i = i + 1
            gem.append(BlockQuote(quotes))
            continue

        if isinstance(line, PreFence):
            content = ""
            i = i + 1
            while i < len(lines) and not isinstance(parse_line(lines[i]), PreFence):
                content += lines[i]
                content += "\n"
                i = i + 1
            gem.append(Pre(content))
            i = i + 1
            continue

        gem.append(line)
        i = i + 1

    return gem


def parse_line(l):
    if Link.is_link(l):
        return Link(l)
    if Header.is_header(l):
        return Header(l)
    if ListItem.is_list_item(l):
        return ListItem(l)
    if BlockQuoteLine.is_block_quote_line(l):
        return BlockQuoteLine(l)
    if PreFence.is_pre_fence(l):
        return PreFence()
    return Line(l)


@dataclasses.dataclass
class Link:
    """
    >>> Link("=> http://example.com")
    Link(url='http://example.com', text=None)

    >>> Link("=> http://example.com Example text")
    Link(url='http://example.com', text='Example text')
    """

    url: str
    text: typing.Optional[str]

    def __init__(self, line: str):
        assert Link.is_link(line)
        parts = line.split(None, 2)
        self.url = parts[1]
        self.text = parts[2] if len(parts) > 2 else None

    @staticmethod
    def is_link(line: str):
        return line.startswith("=>")

@dataclasses.dataclass
class Header:
    """
    >>> Header("# Level one")
    Header(level=1, text='Level one')

    >>> Header("## Level two")
    Header(level=2, text='Level two')

    >>> Header("### Level three")
    Header(level=3, text='Level three')
    """

    level: int
    text: str

    def __init__(self, line: str):
        assert Header.is_header(line)
        hashes, self.text = line.split(None, 1)
        self.level = len(hashes)

    @staticmethod
    def is_header(line: str):
        return re.match("#{1,3} .*", line)

@dataclasses.dataclass
class ListItem:
    """
    >>> ListItem("* foo")
    ListItem(text='foo')
    """

    text: str

    def __init__(self, line: str):
        assert ListItem.is_list_item(line)
        self.text = line[2:]

    @staticmethod
    def is_list_item(line: str):
        return line.startswith("* ")


@dataclasses.dataclass
class BlockQuoteLine:
    """
    >>> BlockQuoteLine("> foo")
    BlockQuoteLine(text='foo')

    >>> BlockQuoteLine(">foo")
    BlockQuoteLine(text='foo')
    """

    text: str

    def __init__(self, line: str):
        assert BlockQuoteLine.is_block_quote_line(line)
        self.text = line[2:] if line.startswith("> ") else line[1:]

    @staticmethod
    def is_block_quote_line(line: str):
        return line.startswith(">")


class PreFence:
    @staticmethod
    def is_pre_fence(line: str):
        return line == "```"


@dataclasses.dataclass
class Line:
    text: str


@dataclasses.dataclass
class List:
    items: typing.List[ListItem]


@dataclasses.dataclass
class BlockQuote:
    lines: typing.List[BlockQuoteLine]


@dataclasses.dataclass
class Pre:
    content: str